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OPINION: ‘Cows and plows’ settlement over a broken Indigenous treaty shows the urgent need for more transparent governance

Members of the Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve (TTR) in Manitoba recently voted to ratify the Treaty 4 Agricultural Benefits Settlement Agreement. This cows-and-plows settlement is a step toward rectifying historical wrongs. The process has also highlighted several ongoing governing challenges. This includes exposing a flawed Crown/Indigenous consultation process as well as the need for trust-building with Indigenous leadership.



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Canada, First Nations agree on unmet agricultural claims

A handful of specific agricultural benefit claims between the federal government and nine First Nations were settled on Friday. Once fully settled, these claims—unmet promises in treaties 5, 6 and 10 territories throughout the Prairie provinces—will represent almost $1.4 billion in combined compensation to these First Nations.



 Children run through the pathways of a corn maze designed to honour children who died while attending residential schools. Photo: supplied

Every child matters

A corn maze commemorating the lost children is a place to reflect and remember

Children run through the pathways of a corn maze designed to honour children who died while attending residential schools.

Students from the File Hills and other residential schools were not only recruited to become model farmers, they were selected to join the Canadian Expeditionary Forces sent off to fight in the First World War.  Photo: Courtesy of University of Regina archives “A Failed Experiment” Collection.

Reconciling the painful past creates hope for a more promising future

The File Hills Colony near Balcarres, Sask. epitomized everything that was wrong about colonial attitudes towards Indigenous peoples. But new models for Indigenous agriculture are emerging

More than a century after its creation, there is no visible sign remaining of the File Hills Farm Colony in southern Saskatchewan. But the painful memories of an experiment that epitomized the culture of assimilation permeating that era’s attitudes towards Canada’s Indigenous peoples still live in the collective memories of residential school survivors. Likewise for some of the racist attitudes and policies that still exist today. 


Treaty land sharing: Farmers and Indigenous communities gather to discuss their common connections to land. Photo: Bill DeKay

Sharing the countryside

Finding a new way of living together is key to the future of rural Canada

The launch of the Treaty Land Sharing Network was about people who share the countryside, together setting a different course than the one scripted for them.

Living Lab integrates Indigenous perspective into ag research

Living Lab integrates Indigenous perspective into ag research

First Nations communities are working with several ag and environmental organizations on a Living Lab in north-central Saskatchewan

Anthony Johnston dreams of Indigenous people returning to agriculture on Indigenous lands. He remembers a time when family farms were a part of Indigenous communities. He reflects on how the buffalo were key to of a way of life for his ancestors on the Prairies. Standing at the front of the room at the International […] Read more


After 65 years in the industry, Terry Lerat is right at home working with and talking about cattle.

Reconnecting a First Nations community to agriculture

Terry Lerat, ranch manager for Cowessess First Nation, is using his decades of experience in the cattle industry to encourage young people in his community to get involved in agriculture

Snow swirls outside the doors at Canadian Western Agribition in Regina, Sask., as winter falls on the city in November of 2022. However, the fluffy flakes that fill the streets don’t deter the crowds. All around are cowboy hats and worn-out baseball caps, a sign of defiance against the bitter cold and snow-heavy clouds. Terry […] Read more

Elder Murray Ironchild from Piapot Cree Nation describes the cultural significance of native plants found in the pastures on Joel Mochenko's farm near Mossbank, Sask., at a Treaty Land Sharing Network gathering.

No trespass: Rebuilding treaty relationships

This is the fourth story in a five-part series. Read the first, second and third stories here. [Updated Oct. 18, 2022] There is a forest meadow on my family’s lease land that changes constantly through the growing season. It’s one of my favourite places. After the spring rains, lush green grass soon overtakes last year’s […] Read more