A cow with her newborn calf. People often consider fetal abnormalities as “accidents of gestation,” but failing to identify heritable defects when they occur can see further distribution of mutated genetics.

Skeletal deformities of beef calves

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

Much is written about genetic mutations in beef calves: why it happens, pathological descriptions and how to manage the deformities. Pathologists love to describe structural abnormalities of organ systems and what else has been discovered. The literature on genetic mutations goes far beyond what can be covered in one column, so I will only address […] Read more


Preventing foreign animal disease in North America

Preventing foreign animal disease in North America

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

Experimental studies under controlled conditions have contributed enormously to our understanding of the pathogenesis and transmission dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease. The industry and scientific community must be complimented on the detailed plans developed to prevent introduction of diseases, such as foot-and-mouth in cattle and pigs, as well as plans to control foreign animal diseases, if […] Read more

calf in a pasture

Causes and risk factors of abortion in cattle

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

When examining abortion in cattle, it’s important to look at incidence, cause, definition, when to summon help and what to do. As an aid to producers, abortion can be defined as terminating pregnancy any time after around 42 days, when placentation is complete. Placentation is the establishment of membranes joining mother and fetal blood supply […] Read more


Barbed wire with cattle in silhouette against sunset

How barbed wire transformed ranching in the West

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

Ranching in southern Alberta can be divided into two eras. One before the fence, and the one that came to stay, after the fences. From D. Larraine Andrews’s book, Ranching Under the Arch:“Responding to the new lease legislation, four corporate ranches, dubbed the Patriarchs, arrive under open range practices dependent on chinooks to keep grasslands […] Read more

a group of cattle in a feedlot

Biosecurity on beef cattle operations

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

The term “biosecurity” is used throughout all aspects of food production, from growing food to moving commodities between different sectors, placement on grocery shelves and finally consumption and waste management. They are all related and all have their biosecurity plans. Those plans seldom account for what comes before and what follows. For the livestock industry, […] Read more


cow drinking water at a dugout

How to detect polio in cattle

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

Polio, or polioencephalomalacia, in cattle is not considered infectious, but rather a pathological condition — a diagnostic term describing necrosis of the brain’s grey matter. Clinical signs include: When first described, polio existed primarily as a thiamine deficiency but is now recognized as a metabolic disease involving several factors. Animals exhibiting signs of polio suffer […] Read more

Biological clocks play an important role in animal behaviour.

Evolution and circadian rhythms of cattle

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

DNA analysis has shown that domestic cattle descended from wild ox in southwestern Asia some 10,500 years ago. An international team of scientists from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and National Museum of Natural History in France, the University of Mainz in Germany, and University College London in the U.K. conducted the study by […] Read more


A cow and a calf in a barn stall

Leptospirosis in people, dogs, horses and cattle

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

The story about leptospirosis started during a dog walk with good friends as part of our daily outing. They knew little about zoonoses and the importance of disease transmission between animals and humans. A recent article on “Leptospirosis” Linda read in an agriculture journal piqued her interest on the diseases shared by humans and animals. […] Read more

The great majority of Lyme disease cases are due to the bite of a very tiny tick called the deer tick, or black-legged tick.

Lyme disease: maligned and misunderstood

Vet Advice with Dr. Ron Clarke

There is nothing good about Lyme disease, but it’s time to sit and make sense of what Lyme disease is and what can be done about it. Lyme disease is spreading in Canada. The disease itself is caused by a bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) spread from ticks seeking a blood meal. It’s not a serious cattle disease, […] Read more